The Ethiopic Didascalia 43

1OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)