that

Of the prayer which is said over the chrism. O Lord God, the Lord of the whole Creation, Who hast granted us the sweet savour of this chrism, even to all the nations who believe in Thee, grant also the efficacy of this chrism as a mystery to those that are baptized into Thy name. And after this he shall stand, and pray this prayer which our Lord hath taught us: "Our Father who art in heaven," unto the end thereof. Then let the priest turn towards the East, and raise his eyes to heaven, and say, "Glorify the Lord, for the Lord is good; and sing to His name, for it is good, for His mercy is for ever."

THE catechumens * who have been ba tized shall this prayer: O God Almighty, the Father of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son, that lovest a body undefiled, and acceptest a meek heart and a humble spirit, and a knowledge of wisdom that hath no decay, make Thy Holy Spirit to dwell in us by Thy good will and the strength of Thy power through Jesus Christ, by whom to Thee be glory and power with Him and with the Holy Spirit for ever and ever. Amen.

THE catechumens * who have been ba tized shall this prayer: O God Almighty, the Father of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son, that lovest a body undefiled, and acceptest a meek heart and a humble spirit, and a knowledge of wisdom that hath no decay, make Thy Holy Spirit to dwell in us by Thy good will and the strength of Thy power through Jesus Christ, by whom to Thee be glory and power with Him and with the Holy Spirit for ever and ever. Amen.

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

OF THE BISHOPS WHO WERE ORDAINED BY THE APOSTLES. [vii., 46.] THESE are the names of those who were ordained by us. First in Jerusalem, James, the brother of our Lord; and after him was ordained in his stead Simeon, the son of Cleopas; and after him Judas the son of James. And in Caesarea of Palestine, first, Zacchzus the publican; and after him, Cornelius; and after him, Theophilus. And in Antioch, first, Evodius (ordained) by Peter; and after him Iynatius, by Paul. And in Alexandria, first, Annianus, who was ordained by Mark the Evangelist; and after him, ¢ Avilius t ? (ordained) by Luke the Evangelist. And in the Church of Rome, first, Linus (ordained) by Paul; and after him Clement, who was ordained by Peter. And in Ephesus, first, Timothy (ordained) by Paul; and after him was ordained John by John the Evangelist. And in Smyrna, first, Aristos;? and after him Strataeas, the son of t Lois t; and after him Ariston. And in Pergamus, first, Gaius. And in Philadelphia, first, Demetrius (ordained) by Peter. And in ¢ Cenchreae,f first, Lucius (ordained) by Paul. And in Crete, Titus. And in Athens, Dionysius. And in the three cities* of Pheenicia, t Marthones.t And in Laodicea, Archippus. And in Colassae, Philemon. And in Macedonia and in Beroea, Onesimus (the servant) of Philemon. And in the Church of Galatia, Crescens. In the region of Asia, Aquila and Nicetas. And in the Church 6f Aegina, Crispus. These are they whom we entrusted (with the churches), and ordained in Jerusalem, and sent forth to preach and to teach in their several regions. Remember, then, their toil, and receive their admonition, and observe their words. May the Lord be with you from henceforth and for ever, even as He said unto us when He was ascending to heaven to the Father, “Behold I am with you all the days unto the end of the world.” ¢ Glory be to God, to whom be glory and honour for 1 This and the other words 2 Eth, distinguishes in form similarly marked in this section Aristos and = Ariston. In AC have been restored in conformity they are identical. with AC. The Eth. has forms >A translation of Tripolis. which are very corrupt. “Mt 28, 20. ever, and ever, and ever. Saibe it Amen and Amen. So be it. Here endeth the doctrine of th i i : : e Didascal f fathers the Apostles. Their Prayer and their bee with their beloved B i is wi Ppa nels rans and with his wife, Wald Sdala, pa va ve ADDITIONAL NOTES A. [The “ preface '’].—The opening section which I have referred to in the Introduction as the ‘preface’? is not contained in AC. It is found, however, not only in all the manuscripts of the Ethiopic, but also in both recensions of the Arabic Didascalia, and in the Mesopotamian codex of the Syriac Didascalia edited by Mrs. Gibson. It com- prises the opening paragraph as far as the words, ‘shall be in the fire of Gehenna for ever, as it is written.’’ B., p. 1.—The Ethiopic manuscripts have after “ skilful singers" the word ‘nipilobanos,’’ obviously a corruption of some Greek word, the first syllable being the plural of the definite article in Coptic. Platt omits in his translation. Dillmann in his Lex. (sub voce) suggests ‘‘acolyte,’? and Maclean (Handbook, etc., p. 32) rap@évous (?) Neither of these is at all likely. The Syriac version of the ‘preface ’’ reads, ‘‘the singers as psalmists with intelligence and with constancy.’’ Arabic (I) gives no help, since the corresponding word in it is itself of uncertain signification, interpreted variously as ‘acolytes’? or ‘‘exorcists.”’ Arabic (II) appears to solve the riddle. It testifies [Funk, Vol. II., p. xxxii] that the original Greek was qdiAcrova: or dordvws. This agrees well with the Syriac version, and would explain the reading of the Ethiopic, t.e. as ‘ni,’ the Coptic definite article, and gAdrovos. The reading is important as showing probably a close connection between the Ethiopic and Coptic versions. C. [ii 1], p. 13.-—‘' Joash . . . when he was seven years old, etc.” The Eth. reads Uzziah both in A and P. In AC we find: ‘Josiah at eight years of age reigned righteously, and in like manner Joash governed the people at seven years of age.’? There is here an absence of chronological order. It may be that the substitution of Uzziah for Joash was an attempt to rectify this, and that the second clause should read: ‘‘and afterward +tJosiaht in his eighth year reigned in righteousness.’ In Mt 1, 18, owing to the omission of the names of three kings, we have the words, ‘‘ Joram begat Uzziah.” It is hardly correct to say, as Platt does in his 189 190 ADDITIONAL NOTES note, that ‘Joash is called Ozias i St. Matthew's Copel Ozias in the first chapter of - [ii 18], p. 32.—'tAnd He answered and sai people, etc.’? On this passage Platt's note is: ‘ Hee i find in the Greek Constitutions a long quotation from the prophet Ezekiel, containing above one-half of the 34th chapter of his Prophecy. Instead of which, in the Ethiopic version, we have only the latter end of the quotation, and that in a mutilated state, joined on to some words of our Saviour’s from St. John’s Gospel, as though He had spoken to the people these words from Ezekiel also.’? This is an accurate statement of the facts, except that the length of the quotation from Ezelciel in AC is rather exaggerated. E. [ii. 54], p- 71-—The second last word of the title of Chapter xil. is somewhat mysterious in Ethiopic. Trans- literated in its singular form it is “'Abibilosawi” in P. Platt in his notes says that he thought of “ philosophos ’’ and ‘‘diabolus,’’ but finally translated generally ‘ evil- doers.” In three of the British Museum MSS. (ABE) the form of the word is somewhat different, ‘ ’Abibolosawi.” The. first two syllables represent the Greek preposition epi,’’ as they do, for example, in the Ethiopic form of the Greek name Epimachos (cf. Dillmann’s Lex.). This being so, this second form of the word seems to be a trans- literation of ‘‘epiboulos,’’ or some kindred word, in the sense of i schemer " or ‘‘plotter.’? The corresponding word of the title in Arabic (II) is translated by Baumstark by **Widersacher.’”” : ‘ F. fiii. 1], p. 85.—Platt translates thus: ‘At seven years did she enter into the Temple, and she remained fifty-seven years, continuing a virgin.’? This is meaningless. The words ‘ther husband"? might easily have dropped out, as the word in Ethiopic for ‘ther husband’’ bears a strong resemblance to the word for ‘‘years.”” Why the number fiftv-seven is chosen is not clear. It may be the result of a calculation, taking the age of Anna at marriage to have been sixteen years (16+7+57=80). G. [v. 14], p. 126.—"At the third hour they raised Him on the tree, and at the sixth hour they crucified Him, etc.” There seems to be no difference between these two events, so why should they be separated by a period of three hours? The mistake seems to be in the word ‘‘raised.’’ In the Statutes of the Apostles, Statute 48 (Ethiopic) is, ‘‘Con- cerning the times at which it is seemly to prav."’ In it are found these words, “pray at the third hour... because in that hour thev stripped Jesus Christ and nailed es a ADDITIONAL NOTES 191 Him upon the wood of the cross... . And again pray at the sixth hour; for at that hour was the hanging of our Lord Christ upon the wood of the cross’? (Horner’s trans- lation). The word for ‘raised’ differs only in one letter from the word for ‘‘stripped.’’ Probably the latter was the original reading in the Ethiopic Didascalia also. H. [v. 14], p. 127-—‘‘and it was evening, etc.” The Eth. has a stop at the word “tomb.” The first four words of the next sentence are: ‘and-when-it-was-evening at-the-dawning in-the-twilight-of the-sabbath.’’ The last three of these words are found in the Eth. N.T. in Mt 28, 1 in a different order, the meaning being: ‘‘and late (?) on the Sabbath at the dawn (of the first day of the week),”’ a translation of éé 8¢ caBBdrwr, 19 émupwoxoven. The first of the four words is possibly a translation of the ‘when it was evening’ of Mt 27, 57- 1 have given as a translation of the last three words the R.V. of Mt 28, 1. I. [v. 17], p. 130.—In the title the words occur ‘‘on the fourteenth day of the month.” This translation omits the last of the Ethiopic words which correspond. The word is one which it is not easy to represent in translation. It refers to the fact that the fourteenth day is to be reckoned in a special way—that is, that the beginning of the month was to be reckoned by a particular night rather than a particular day. J. [vi. 18], p. 155.—** Uzziah . Joel.” I have left these names enclosed in brackets. though it might have been better to emend them in accordance with what is found in AC. There it is Jehoshaphat's alliance with Ahaziah that is. mentioned, for which he was reproved by Jehu the prophet. The change from Jehu to Joel is found in several MSS. of AC. a K. [vii. 1], p. 168.—The title “ OF toil and thanksgiving.” I have given the translation ‘‘toil,’’ as such is the literal translation. The word probably has reference to the “Christian life’? in general. The title of the chapter in Arabic (IT) as given by Baumstark runs, ‘Ueber das auserwihlte Leben und Dank.” The life of ascetics is often described in Ethiopic by this same word “‘toil.”” The latter part of the title, as already mentioned in the Introduction (p. xviii.), has apparently nothing to correspond to it in the chapter as it at present stands. I have sug- gested that the presence of the word “ thanksgiving ”’ in this title is an indication that at some time the Ethiopic Didascalia, or its original, did include that part of AC vii. which treats of the administration of the eucharist. BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS DEALING WITH THE ETHIOPIC DIDASCALIA, OR KINDRED DOCUMENTS. Piatt. The Ethiopic: Didascalia, or the Ethiopic version of the Apostolical Constitutions received in the Church of Abyssinia. (London, 13834.) LaGarpve. Didascalia apostolorum syriace. (1854.) Gipson. The Didascalta Apostolorum in Syriac, with an English Translation. Horae Semiticae I and II. (London and Cambridge, 1903.) Hautrr. Didascalia Apostolorum fragmenta veronensia latina. (Leipsic, 1900.) Funk. Didascalia et Constitutiones Apostolorum. Vols. 1., II. (Paderborn, 1905.) MacLean. The Ancient Church Orders. (Cambridge, 1910.) Cooper AND MacLean. The Testament of our Lord. (Edin- burgh, 1902.)

Concerning the number of bishops who should take part in the ordination of a bishop. A bishop shall be ordained by two or by three bishops, but an elder and a deacon and the rest that are ordained shall be ordained by one bishop alone.

Concerning the things which shall be brought upon the altar. If any bishop or elder brings anything else upon the altar of the Lord except that which we have commanded, that they shall bring and place there as an offering ; should they bring either honey or milk, or of birds or of beasts anything else than that which our Lord has commanded, let him be deposed. Nor shall they be allowed to bring anything upon the altar except ears of grain and grapes in their seasons and the oil of the holy lamps and frankin- cense at the time of the holy Eucharist. But the other fruits they shall send into the house, and they shall belong to the bishop and the presbyters ; only they shall not bring them upon the altar. And the bishop and the presbyters and the other ordained persons shall divide these among themselves.

Concerning the things which shall be brought upon the altar. If any bishop or elder brings anything else upon the altar of the Lord except that which we have commanded, that they shall bring and place there as an offering ; should they bring either honey or milk, or of birds or of beasts anything else than that which our Lord has commanded, let him be deposed. Nor shall they be allowed to bring anything upon the altar except ears of grain and grapes in their seasons and the oil of the holy lamps and frankin- cense at the time of the holy Eucharist. But the other fruits they shall send into the house, and they shall belong to the bishop and the presbyters ; only they shall not bring them upon the altar. And the bishop and the presbyters and the other ordained persons shall divide these among themselves.

Concerning the things which shall be brought upon the altar. If any bishop or elder brings anything else upon the altar of the Lord except that which we have commanded, that they shall bring and place there as an offering ; should they bring either honey or milk, or of birds or of beasts anything else than that which our Lord has commanded, let him be deposed. Nor shall they be allowed to bring anything upon the altar except ears of grain and grapes in their seasons and the oil of the holy lamps and frankin- cense at the time of the holy Eucharist. But the other fruits they shall send into the house, and they shall belong to the bishop and the presbyters ; only they shall not bring them upon the altar. And the bishop and the presbyters and the other ordained persons shall divide these among themselves.

But if a bishop or one of the priests who does not accept the eucharist at the time of the solemnization, mentions a reason for this ; and if there is something that made him unworthy, let him be forgiven : but if he does not mention a reason, let him be deposed ; for he was the leader that there should be sin to the people, and has caused them to take offence at him who has brought the eucharist, as though he had not brought it in purity.

But if a bishop or one of the priests who does not accept the eucharist at the time of the solemnization, mentions a reason for this ; and if there is something that made him unworthy, let him be forgiven : but if he does not mention a reason, let him be deposed ; for he was the leader that there should be sin to the people, and has caused them to take offence at him who has brought the eucharist, as though he had not brought it in purity.

Every believer who enters the Christian church and 64 JOURNAL OF THE EXEGETICAL SOCIETY. hears the Scriptures, and does not stand while they pronounce the prayers and does not receive the holy eucharist — over such an one they shall not pray, and it is their duty that he be expelled ; for he has caused contention and disturbance in the Christian church.

But if any presbyter or deacon or any one of the grade of priests leaves his post and goes to another place and dwells at that place a length of time, except by permission of the bishop, we order that he forever do not perform his official functions. And especially, if the bishop has sent to him to return to his place, and he has not listened to him, let him be expelled from his office, and let him approach the place where he was as a layman. And if the bishop with whom he was receives him as one of the priests, and regards this order which we have established as void, let this bishop also be expelled as a teacher of the transgression of the law.

But if any presbyter or deacon or any one of the grade of priests leaves his post and goes to another place and dwells at that place a length of time, except by permission of the bishop, we order that he forever do not perform his official functions. And especially, if the bishop has sent to him to return to his place, and he has not listened to him, let him be expelled from his office, and let him approach the place where he was as a layman. And if the bishop with whom he was receives him as one of the priests, and regards this order which we have established as void, let this bishop also be expelled as a teacher of the transgression of the law.

Concerning him who commits fornication or swears falsely or steals. A bishop or an elder or a deacon who is discovered in fornication or in swearing falsely or in theft, shall be deposed, but shall not be expelled. For God says that he does not punish twice for one crime.

And also with reference to the rest of the ordained. Those who are readers or psalmsingers, if they enter into the priest- hood and desire to marry, let them marry. But we command them only that while they are readers they shall marry. But then it shall not be possible for them afterwards to be ordained.

Concerning the priests who strike every one. A bishop or an elder who strike a Christian or one who does not believe, when he has sinned, and seeks by this deed to cause men to fear, we command that he be deposed. For the Lord did not command that we should do this : for when they struck him, he did not strike ; when they reviled him, he did not revile ; and when they afflicted him, he did not take vengeance or become angry.

Concerning the priests who strike every one. A bishop or an elder who strike a Christian or one who does not believe, when he has sinned, and seeks by this deed to cause men to fear, we command that he be deposed. For the Lord did not command that we should do this : for when they struck him, he did not strike ; when they reviled him, he did not revile ; and when they afflicted him, he did not take vengeance or become angry.

Concerning him who is rightly deposed from the clerical ranks. If a bishop or an elder or a deacon who has rightly been deposed on account of a sin that has become manifest, becomes, obstinate, and returns to take possession of his former office, let this one also entirely depart from the Christian church.

Concerning him who calls in aid that he may hold the Christian church. If a bishop obtains a position through the as- sistance of the princes of this world and rules the Christian church through them, let him be removed and deposed, he and all who follow him.

Let not a strange bishop receive as elder and deacon those who have been admitted in the lower clergy, except that they have the permission of being ordained and associated. And if they are preachers of righteousness, let them enter. But if not, then let them give them what they desire, and let them not associate with them. For there are many such impure ones.

It is the duty of the metropolitan bishop to know the bishops of the whole province, and it is their duty to know who is the first among them, and they shall call him the metropolitan. And not shall they undertake an important work without the consent of the leader. And each one shall do his work which is his duty accord- ing to his office and according to the people who are in his diocese. But not even he who has been ordained as metropolitan over them shall undertake anything at all, except with the consent of all the bishops, and thus they all shall be one association and shall praise the Lord through Christ Jesus and the Holy Spirit. And not shall a bishop dare to ordain any one outside of his diocese in localities that do not belong to him. And if he is found as having done this with- out the consent of the head of this place and these villages and cities, let him be deposed together with those whom he ordained.

It should be known what is the private property of the bishop, if he has private property ; and it should be known what is the property of the Lord, so that when the bishop dies, he can control his property and give it to whom he pleases. For it is not right that the property of the bishop should be destroyed on the pre- text of the property of the church, especially if he has a wife or chil- dren or kindred or servants. For it is not right that the property of the church be destroyed because it is unknown what is the property of the bishop, nor [is it right] that the property of the bishop and of his kindred be destroyed, on the pretext of the property of the church, and that these fall into famine and curse over his death.

It should be known what is the private property of the bishop, if he has private property ; and it should be known what is the property of the Lord, so that when the bishop dies, he can control his property and give it to whom he pleases. For it is not right that the property of the bishop should be destroyed on the pre- text of the property of the church, especially if he has a wife or chil- dren or kindred or servants. For it is not right that the property of the church be destroyed because it is unknown what is the property of the bishop, nor [is it right] that the property of the bishop and of his kindred be destroyed, on the pretext of the property of the church, and that these fall into famine and curse over his death.

It should be known what is the private property of the bishop, if he has private property ; and it should be known what is the property of the Lord, so that when the bishop dies, he can control his property and give it to whom he pleases. For it is not right that the property of the bishop should be destroyed on the pre- text of the property of the church, especially if he has a wife or chil- dren or kindred or servants. For it is not right that the property of the church be destroyed because it is unknown what is the property of the bishop, nor [is it right] that the property of the bishop and of his kindred be destroyed, on the pretext of the property of the church, and that these fall into famine and curse over his death.

It should be known what is the private property of the bishop, if he has private property ; and it should be known what is the property of the Lord, so that when the bishop dies, he can control his property and give it to whom he pleases. For it is not right that the property of the bishop should be destroyed on the pre- text of the property of the church, especially if he has a wife or chil- dren or kindred or servants. For it is not right that the property of the church be destroyed because it is unknown what is the property of the bishop, nor [is it right] that the property of the bishop and of his kindred be destroyed, on the pretext of the property of the church, and that these fall into famine and curse over his death.

It should be known what is the private property of the bishop, if he has private property ; and it should be known what is the property of the Lord, so that when the bishop dies, he can control his property and give it to whom he pleases. For it is not right that the property of the bishop should be destroyed on the pre- text of the property of the church, especially if he has a wife or chil- dren or kindred or servants. For it is not right that the property of the church be destroyed because it is unknown what is the property of the bishop, nor [is it right] that the property of the bishop and of his kindred be destroyed, on the pretext of the property of the church, and that these fall into famine and curse over his death.

Concerning the setting of the bishop over the prop- erty of the church. We command therefore that the bishop be the one who shall have control of the property of the church. For he is the one to whom are entrusted the precious souls of men ; what, there- fore, is all the property that is given to him, that he should have command over it by his will and should feed the poor with it through the elders and the deacons in the fear of the Lord and in trembling? And he himself shall take for himself of it according to his desire, if he is poor in regard to those things which the brethern 68 JOURNAL OF THE EXEGETICAL SOCIETY. from afar ask of him who visit him, so that he may not lack those things which they ask of him. For it is a law of God that those who serve at the altar shall also be sustained from the altar ; for the sol- diers of a king will not fight against his enemies while supporting themselves.

Concerning the setting of the bishop over the prop- erty of the church. We command therefore that the bishop be the one who shall have control of the property of the church. For he is the one to whom are entrusted the precious souls of men ; what, there- fore, is all the property that is given to him, that he should have command over it by his will and should feed the poor with it through the elders and the deacons in the fear of the Lord and in trembling? And he himself shall take for himself of it according to his desire, if he is poor in regard to those things which the brethern 68 JOURNAL OF THE EXEGETICAL SOCIETY. from afar ask of him who visit him, so that he may not lack those things which they ask of him. For it is a law of God that those who serve at the altar shall also be sustained from the altar ; for the sol- diers of a king will not fight against his enemies while supporting themselves.

Concerning the setting of the bishop over the prop- erty of the church. We command therefore that the bishop be the one who shall have control of the property of the church. For he is the one to whom are entrusted the precious souls of men ; what, there- fore, is all the property that is given to him, that he should have command over it by his will and should feed the poor with it through the elders and the deacons in the fear of the Lord and in trembling? And he himself shall take for himself of it according to his desire, if he is poor in regard to those things which the brethern 68 JOURNAL OF THE EXEGETICAL SOCIETY. from afar ask of him who visit him, so that he may not lack those things which they ask of him. For it is a law of God that those who serve at the altar shall also be sustained from the altar ; for the sol- diers of a king will not fight against his enemies while supporting themselves.

Concerning the setting of the bishop over the prop- erty of the church. We command therefore that the bishop be the one who shall have control of the property of the church. For he is the one to whom are entrusted the precious souls of men ; what, there- fore, is all the property that is given to him, that he should have command over it by his will and should feed the poor with it through the elders and the deacons in the fear of the Lord and in trembling? And he himself shall take for himself of it according to his desire, if he is poor in regard to those things which the brethern 68 JOURNAL OF THE EXEGETICAL SOCIETY. from afar ask of him who visit him, so that he may not lack those things which they ask of him. For it is a law of God that those who serve at the altar shall also be sustained from the altar ; for the sol- diers of a king will not fight against his enemies while supporting themselves.

Concerning the setting of the bishop over the prop- erty of the church. We command therefore that the bishop be the one who shall have control of the property of the church. For he is the one to whom are entrusted the precious souls of men ; what, there- fore, is all the property that is given to him, that he should have command over it by his will and should feed the poor with it through the elders and the deacons in the fear of the Lord and in trembling? And he himself shall take for himself of it according to his desire, if he is poor in regard to those things which the brethern 68 JOURNAL OF THE EXEGETICAL SOCIETY. from afar ask of him who visit him, so that he may not lack those things which they ask of him. For it is a law of God that those who serve at the altar shall also be sustained from the altar ; for the sol- diers of a king will not fight against his enemies while supporting themselves.

Concerning those who frequent theatrical plays. A bishop or an elder or a deacon who frequents the theatre or wan- ders around or becomes intoxicated, shall cease doing so; but if not, he shall be expelled. Sub-deacons and readers and psalm-singers, if they do this deed, shall cease ; but if not, they shall be expelled ; and thus also the laymen. A bishop or an elder or a deacon who knows of one that frequents and does not cease, is in duty bound to prevent him ; but if not, he shall be deposed.

A bishop or an elder or a deacon who attends the baptism of the heretics or their celebration of the Eucharist, we command that he shall be deposed. For what communion has Christ with Satan ; or what part have believers with those who do not believe?

Concerning the deposing of him who does not receive those who have repented of their sins. If a bishop or an elder or a deacon is not willing to receive him who has repented of his sins, let him be deposed ; for he grieves the heart of our Lord who says, that there will be joy in heaven over one sinner that repents.

Concerning the deposing of him who does not receive those who have repented of their sins. If a bishop or an elder or a deacon is not willing to receive him who has repented of his sins, let him be deposed ; for he grieves the heart of our Lord who says, that there will be joy in heaven over one sinner that repents.

If one of the priests has been found eating or drinking in a place of public resort, let him be removed, except if it be in an inn for strangers on account of the needs of travel. And if one of those ordained curses a bishop, let him be deposed ; for it is said, " Thou shalt not curse the leader of thy people." And if one of the lower clergy curses an elder or a deacon, let him be expelled. THE APOSTOLIC CANONS, TRANSLATED FROM THE ETHIOPIC. 69 And if one of the priests ridicules a person that is deaf or lame or blind or deformed at his feet, let him be expelled ; and thus also in the case of a layman, if he does this.

Concerning him who is ordained a second time. If a bishop or an elder or a deacon has been ordained a second time, let him be deposed, as also the one who ordained him ; unless indeed it is certain that they have been ordained by heretics, for it will never be that they who have been baptized or ordained by such men will become believers [i.e., church members] or clergy.

Concerning him who is ordained a second time. If a bishop or an elder or a deacon has been ordained a second time, let him be deposed, as also the one who ordained him ; unless indeed it is certain that they have been ordained by heretics, for it will never be that they who have been baptized or ordained by such men will become believers [i.e., church members] or clergy.

Concerning him who steals the oil or the wax or any- thing that is the property of the church. If any of the clergy steals the wax belonging to the church, or the oil, let him be deposed, and what he has stolen he shall refund fivefold. Silver vessels and clothes, if they have been seen a few days, no man shall take from them for himself alone anything ; for this action is a sin. And he who does this shall be expelled, and they shall punish him.

Concerning the bishop whom they have accused [of a crime]. When believing, truthful and good men have accused a bishop, it is necessary that he be called before the bishops. And if he comes and confesses his sins, they shall again take him and pass over him a judgment which is just. And if they call him and he does not come, they shall call him a second time, and two bishops shall go as messengers to him ; and if he again does not obey, they shall call him a third time and shall again send two bishops to him as messengers. And if he does not obey, and is rebellious and does not THE APOSTOLIC CANONS, TRANSLATED FROM THE ETHIOPIC. 7 1 come, those shall pass judgment over him who have been assembled according to what is right, that he shall be as one whom they have convicted, because he has fled from judgment.

Concerning the bishop whom they have accused [of a crime]. When believing, truthful and good men have accused a bishop, it is necessary that he be called before the bishops. And if he comes and confesses his sins, they shall again take him and pass over him a judgment which is just. And if they call him and he does not come, they shall call him a second time, and two bishops shall go as messengers to him ; and if he again does not obey, they shall call him a third time and shall again send two bishops to him as messengers. And if he does not obey, and is rebellious and does not THE APOSTOLIC CANONS, TRANSLATED FROM THE ETHIOPIC. 7 1 come, those shall pass judgment over him who have been assembled according to what is right, that he shall be as one whom they have convicted, because he has fled from judgment.

That they shall not listen to the testimony of a here- tic against a bishop, and shall not listen to a single person. The testimony of a heretic shall not be received against a bishop, and the testimony of a single person shall not be received ; for " everything shall stand by the mouth of two and three." Nor shall it be lawful for a bishop to bestow the office of bishop upon his brother or his son or his kindred, nor shall he ordain whomsoever he pleases ; for it is not right that the episcopal dignity shall be inherited : nor shall he give away the property of the Lord for the sake of the will of men, for it is not allowed to make the church of Christ an inheritance. For if they do thus, and thus take to themselves of the office, they will be as though they were naught ; and [the guilty one] himself shall be condemned by a punishment. He who is one-eyed or lame in his foot and is worthy of the episcopal honor, shall be ordained. For a defect of the body does not corrupt him, but a defect of the soul [does]. A deaf and a blind man, however, shall not be ordained as a bishop, not as being unclean, but less the property of the church be scattered. He who is possessed of a devil shall not be ordained, and he shall not pray with the believers. And if he is purified, they shall admit him ; and if he be worthy, he may be ordained as one of the clergy.

That they shall not listen to the testimony of a here- tic against a bishop, and shall not listen to a single person. The testimony of a heretic shall not be received against a bishop, and the testimony of a single person shall not be received ; for " everything shall stand by the mouth of two and three." Nor shall it be lawful for a bishop to bestow the office of bishop upon his brother or his son or his kindred, nor shall he ordain whomsoever he pleases ; for it is not right that the episcopal dignity shall be inherited : nor shall he give away the property of the Lord for the sake of the will of men, for it is not allowed to make the church of Christ an inheritance. For if they do thus, and thus take to themselves of the office, they will be as though they were naught ; and [the guilty one] himself shall be condemned by a punishment. He who is one-eyed or lame in his foot and is worthy of the episcopal honor, shall be ordained. For a defect of the body does not corrupt him, but a defect of the soul [does]. A deaf and a blind man, however, shall not be ordained as a bishop, not as being unclean, but less the property of the church be scattered. He who is possessed of a devil shall not be ordained, and he shall not pray with the believers. And if he is purified, they shall admit him ; and if he be worthy, he may be ordained as one of the clergy.

He who has lately been baptized shall not be or- dained as a bishop. He who has come from among the gentiles, or has been living in sins and has been baptized, shall not be ordained as bishop at once ; nor is it allowed that he who has not been tried, shall become the teacher of other men, but he shall become this by the grace of God. Nor shall it be allowed the bishop that he shall gather and accumulate wealth, but he shall be found to be a servant of the church ; but if not, he shall not perform episcopal functions. "There is no one who can serve two masters," according to the com- mand of our Lord. And we command that no servant shall be ordained but with the consent of his master, lest his master be offended, for in this way the families are diminished. If ever there is found a servant in his time who is worthy of the station of ordination, as there has appeared to us Onesimus, and his master sets him free and lets him go forth from his family, let him be ordained.

He who has lately been baptized shall not be or- dained as a bishop. He who has come from among the gentiles, or has been living in sins and has been baptized, shall not be ordained as bishop at once ; nor is it allowed that he who has not been tried, shall become the teacher of other men, but he shall become this by the grace of God. Nor shall it be allowed the bishop that he shall gather and accumulate wealth, but he shall be found to be a servant of the church ; but if not, he shall not perform episcopal functions. "There is no one who can serve two masters," according to the com- mand of our Lord. And we command that no servant shall be ordained but with the consent of his master, lest his master be offended, for in this way the families are diminished. If ever there is found a servant in his time who is worthy of the station of ordination, as there has appeared to us Onesimus, and his master sets him free and lets him go forth from his family, let him be ordained.

He who has lately been baptized shall not be or- dained as a bishop. He who has come from among the gentiles, or has been living in sins and has been baptized, shall not be ordained as bishop at once ; nor is it allowed that he who has not been tried, shall become the teacher of other men, but he shall become this by the grace of God. Nor shall it be allowed the bishop that he shall gather and accumulate wealth, but he shall be found to be a servant of the church ; but if not, he shall not perform episcopal functions. "There is no one who can serve two masters," according to the com- mand of our Lord. And we command that no servant shall be ordained but with the consent of his master, lest his master be offended, for in this way the families are diminished. If ever there is found a servant in his time who is worthy of the station of ordination, as there has appeared to us Onesimus, and his master sets him free and lets him go forth from his family, let him be ordained.

A bishop or an elder or a deacon who connects him- self with the army, and desires to perform these two offices, that he 72 JOURNAL OF THE EXEGETICAL SOCIETY. should follow a human calling and the priestly calling, let him be ex- pelled. For it is said : Give unto the Lord that which is the Lord's, and unto the king that which is the king's. He who despises the king or the magistrate, except with justice, him they shall punish ; if it be one of the clergy, he shall be deposed, and if a layman, he shall be expelled.

A bishop or an elder or a deacon who connects him- self with the army, and desires to perform these two offices, that he 72 JOURNAL OF THE EXEGETICAL SOCIETY. should follow a human calling and the priestly calling, let him be ex- pelled. For it is said : Give unto the Lord that which is the Lord's, and unto the king that which is the king's. He who despises the king or the magistrate, except with justice, him they shall punish ; if it be one of the clergy, he shall be deposed, and if a layman, he shall be expelled.

A bishop or an elder or a deacon who connects him- self with the army, and desires to perform these two offices, that he 72 JOURNAL OF THE EXEGETICAL SOCIETY. should follow a human calling and the priestly calling, let him be ex- pelled. For it is said : Give unto the Lord that which is the Lord's, and unto the king that which is the king's. He who despises the king or the magistrate, except with justice, him they shall punish ; if it be one of the clergy, he shall be deposed, and if a layman, he shall be expelled.

And we returned answer, saying, Lord,* what is the Holy Ghost, and what is His power, whom Thou badest® us to ask for? And our Lord said unto us, Verily I say unto you that ye shall not be the children of the light? except by the Holy Ghost. And we returned answer to Him, and said, O our Lord, give us this [Spirit]. And immediately Jesus ° breathed on us.’ And after we had received the Holy Ghost, He said unto us, Verily® I say unto you, that ye who have been made disciples unto the kingdom of heaven, and who have believed in Me with undoubting heart, and have cleaved unto Me, shall be with Me; and all those who through you know and do the will of My Father, who keep My words and know My sufferings,® shall be made holy, and shall dwell in the habitations ! of My Father, and shall be delivered from the evil days that are about to come; and I will be with them, shewing them My ways in which they shall live.

And we returned answer, saying, Lord,* what is the Holy Ghost, and what is His power, whom Thou badest® us to ask for? And our Lord said unto us, Verily I say unto you that ye shall not be the children of the light? except by the Holy Ghost. And we returned answer to Him, and said, O our Lord, give us this [Spirit]. And immediately Jesus ° breathed on us.’ And after we had received the Holy Ghost, He said unto us, Verily® I say unto you, that ye who have been made disciples unto the kingdom of heaven, and who have believed in Me with undoubting heart, and have cleaved unto Me, shall be with Me; and all those who through you know and do the will of My Father, who keep My words and know My sufferings,® shall be made holy, and shall dwell in the habitations ! of My Father, and shall be delivered from the evil days that are about to come; and I will be with them, shewing them My ways in which they shall live.

And we returned answer, saying, Lord,* what is the Holy Ghost, and what is His power, whom Thou badest® us to ask for? And our Lord said unto us, Verily I say unto you that ye shall not be the children of the light? except by the Holy Ghost. And we returned answer to Him, and said, O our Lord, give us this [Spirit]. And immediately Jesus ° breathed on us.’ And after we had received the Holy Ghost, He said unto us, Verily® I say unto you, that ye who have been made disciples unto the kingdom of heaven, and who have believed in Me with undoubting heart, and have cleaved unto Me, shall be with Me; and all those who through you know and do the will of My Father, who keep My words and know My sufferings,® shall be made holy, and shall dwell in the habitations ! of My Father, and shall be delivered from the evil days that are about to come; and I will be with them, shewing them My ways in which they shall live.

And Peter and John answered and said unto Him :—Tell us, O our Lord, the signs of the end,!? and all the deeds which shall then be [done] by them™ who live in this world, so that we also may make [them] known to them who believe in 1 Eph. v. 8; 1 Thess. v. 5; St. Luke xvi. 8; St. John xii. 36. ? Isa. xi 2. Lagarde reads : ‘‘ of glory and of perfection” (ris S6ns kal ris Tedecérynros). This is due to a recent hand in S, Thy Name in all the nations, that those? generations may observe * [them] and live. But Jesus answered and said :— ‘Did I not, before I suffered for those that dwell on the earth, tell you some things about the end?? We answered and said, [Yea,] O our Lord; but now we desire to know the deeds which [are] the signs of the end of this world, if our Lord hath judged that this is fitting for us to know *—for us, and for those who [shall] hear.

And Peter and John answered and said unto Him :—Tell us, O our Lord, the signs of the end,!? and all the deeds which shall then be [done] by them™ who live in this world, so that we also may make [them] known to them who believe in 1 Eph. v. 8; 1 Thess. v. 5; St. Luke xvi. 8; St. John xii. 36. ? Isa. xi 2. Lagarde reads : ‘‘ of glory and of perfection” (ris S6ns kal ris Tedecérynros). This is due to a recent hand in S, Thy Name in all the nations, that those? generations may observe * [them] and live. But Jesus answered and said :— ‘Did I not, before I suffered for those that dwell on the earth, tell you some things about the end?? We answered and said, [Yea,] O our Lord; but now we desire to know the deeds which [are] the signs of the end of this world, if our Lord hath judged that this is fitting for us to know *—for us, and for those who [shall] hear.

And Peter and John answered and said unto Him :—Tell us, O our Lord, the signs of the end,!? and all the deeds which shall then be [done] by them™ who live in this world, so that we also may make [them] known to them who believe in 1 Eph. v. 8; 1 Thess. v. 5; St. Luke xvi. 8; St. John xii. 36. ? Isa. xi 2. Lagarde reads : ‘‘ of glory and of perfection” (ris S6ns kal ris Tedecérynros). This is due to a recent hand in S, Thy Name in all the nations, that those? generations may observe * [them] and live. But Jesus answered and said :— ‘Did I not, before I suffered for those that dwell on the earth, tell you some things about the end?? We answered and said, [Yea,] O our Lord; but now we desire to know the deeds which [are] the signs of the end of this world, if our Lord hath judged that this is fitting for us to know *—for us, and for those who [shall] hear.

And Peter and John answered and said unto Him :—Tell us, O our Lord, the signs of the end,!? and all the deeds which shall then be [done] by them™ who live in this world, so that we also may make [them] known to them who believe in 1 Eph. v. 8; 1 Thess. v. 5; St. Luke xvi. 8; St. John xii. 36. ? Isa. xi 2. Lagarde reads : ‘‘ of glory and of perfection” (ris S6ns kal ris Tedecérynros). This is due to a recent hand in S, Thy Name in all the nations, that those? generations may observe * [them] and live. But Jesus answered and said :— ‘Did I not, before I suffered for those that dwell on the earth, tell you some things about the end?? We answered and said, [Yea,] O our Lord; but now we desire to know the deeds which [are] the signs of the end of this world, if our Lord hath judged that this is fitting for us to know *—for us, and for those who [shall] hear.

And Jesus answered and said:—In the time when I was in the world,® I spoke unto you before I should be glorified, of signs that the end is near, thus:—that there shall be on earth famines and pestilences,’ tumults, and commotions, risings of nations against nations, and those other things whereof I have told you*® But I commanded you to watch and pray.® And now hear, ye children of the light ; for My Father who hath sent Me to His inheritance hath predetermined ” in His foreknowledge," that in the last days, out of the latest generation,” there should be vessels 18 [of grace] holy, and honoured, and elect. Wherefore I make known unto you exactly [what are] the things which are about to be, and when he shall arise,!* that Son of Perdition, the Enemy, the 1° Adversary,” and what he is like.

And Jesus answered and said:—In the time when I was in the world,® I spoke unto you before I should be glorified, of signs that the end is near, thus:—that there shall be on earth famines and pestilences,’ tumults, and commotions, risings of nations against nations, and those other things whereof I have told you*® But I commanded you to watch and pray.® And now hear, ye children of the light ; for My Father who hath sent Me to His inheritance hath predetermined ” in His foreknowledge," that in the last days, out of the latest generation,” there should be vessels 18 [of grace] holy, and honoured, and elect. Wherefore I make known unto you exactly [what are] the things which are about to be, and when he shall arise,!* that Son of Perdition, the Enemy, the 1° Adversary,” and what he is like.

And Jesus answered and said:—In the time when I was in the world,® I spoke unto you before I should be glorified, of signs that the end is near, thus:—that there shall be on earth famines and pestilences,’ tumults, and commotions, risings of nations against nations, and those other things whereof I have told you*® But I commanded you to watch and pray.® And now hear, ye children of the light ; for My Father who hath sent Me to His inheritance hath predetermined ” in His foreknowledge," that in the last days, out of the latest generation,” there should be vessels 18 [of grace] holy, and honoured, and elect. Wherefore I make known unto you exactly [what are] the things which are about to be, and when he shall arise,!* that Son of Perdition, the Enemy, the 1° Adversary,” and what he is like.

And Jesus answered and said:—In the time when I was in the world,® I spoke unto you before I should be glorified, of signs that the end is near, thus:—that there shall be on earth famines and pestilences,’ tumults, and commotions, risings of nations against nations, and those other things whereof I have told you*® But I commanded you to watch and pray.® And now hear, ye children of the light ; for My Father who hath sent Me to His inheritance hath predetermined ” in His foreknowledge," that in the last days, out of the latest generation,” there should be vessels 18 [of grace] holy, and honoured, and elect. Wherefore I make known unto you exactly [what are] the things which are about to be, and when he shall arise,!* that Son of Perdition, the Enemy, the 1° Adversary,” and what he is like.

But there shall arise also in the West a king of foreign race, a prince of great craft, godless,$ a homicide, a deceiver, a lover of gold, great at devices,? a hater of the faithful,” a persecutor44; and he shall bear rule also over barbarous nations, and shall shed much blood. At that time silver shall be despised and gold be honoured; and in every city and every country there shall be spoiling and robbery, and there shall be # spilling of blood.

But in the assemblies,® and®° nations, and churches, there shall be many tumults, for there shall arise evil 4C.: a sound of all sorts of storms. 2 St. Luke xxi. 25, shepherds unjust slothful? avaricious, lovers of pleasures,* lovers of gains® lovers of money, talkative, boastful,° haughty, gluttonous,’ perverse, rash, given to delights, vain- glorious’ opposing the ways of? the Gospel and fleeing from the strait gate® removing from themselves every humiliation and not sorrowing for My humiliation,” reject- ing all the words of truth, and despising” all the ways of piety, and not mourning for their sins. Therefore’ there shall be shed abroad among the nations unbelief, hatred of the brotherhood,® wickedness, bitterness, slothfulness,® envy, hatred, strife, theft, oppression, drunkenness, debauchery,”” lasciviousness,!8 licentiousness, fornication, and all such works as are contrary to the commandments of life. For from many mourning and gentleness shall flee away, and peace and meekness, and poverty and piety, and tears,” because the shepherds heard ®° these things, and did not do them, and moreover did not shew”! My commandments, seeing that they [themselves] are examples of wickedness in the nation.” But the time shall come when some of them will deny Me, and will stir up* confusions in the earth,* and put their trust in a corruptible® king. But they who in My Name endure?’ unto the end shall be saved.28 Then they shall ordain commandments for men, [commandments] unlike the book of commandments! in which? the Father is well pleased?; and My elect* and My holy ones shall be rejected® by them, and called among them, as it were, the polluted. Yet these are the upright ones, pure, sad, merciful, quiet, kind, always knowing Him who is among them ® at all times, and they shall be called mad for My sake, who have saved’ them. It shall come to pass also in those days that My Father shall gather together ® out of that generation the pure ones, even the pure and faithful souls, those to whom I will appear, and with whom I will make My habitation, and I will send to them the understanding ® of knowledge and of truth, and the understanding® of holiness, and they shall not cease praising’ and giving thanks to their God,! My Father who sent Me; and they shall speak the truth at all times, and they shall teach [others] whose spirit they have tried * [and have found] that they are up- right 3 and worthy, as for the kingdom," and shall instruct them in knowledge and strength and prudence. And those who suffer persecution because they live in piety shall receive the reward of their praise. And it shall be in those times that all the kingdoms shall be disturbed, and all the world % also [shall see] affliction 1° and want; and all this world shall be reputed as nothing ; and all its possessions shall be destroyed 1§,: and the commandment. by many [destroyers], and there shall be great scarcity of crops, and the winter shall be very severe; and the princes * shall be few in number and small, who have rule over? gold and over silver, and are rich in all those things which are in this world; and the children of this world shall hold their storerooms and barns, and shall have rule over the markets of buying and selling.® Many shall be afflicted,* and on that account shall call upon their God that they may be delivered. Blessed are they who are not [alive] at that time; and [blessed] they [also] who shall be® [alive indeed], but ® [shall] endure. For when these things shall come to pass, then soon she that travaileth is near to bring forth,’ for the® time is fulfilled.

But in the assemblies,® and®° nations, and churches, there shall be many tumults, for there shall arise evil 4C.: a sound of all sorts of storms. 2 St. Luke xxi. 25, shepherds unjust slothful? avaricious, lovers of pleasures,* lovers of gains® lovers of money, talkative, boastful,° haughty, gluttonous,’ perverse, rash, given to delights, vain- glorious’ opposing the ways of? the Gospel and fleeing from the strait gate® removing from themselves every humiliation and not sorrowing for My humiliation,” reject- ing all the words of truth, and despising” all the ways of piety, and not mourning for their sins. Therefore’ there shall be shed abroad among the nations unbelief, hatred of the brotherhood,® wickedness, bitterness, slothfulness,® envy, hatred, strife, theft, oppression, drunkenness, debauchery,”” lasciviousness,!8 licentiousness, fornication, and all such works as are contrary to the commandments of life. For from many mourning and gentleness shall flee away, and peace and meekness, and poverty and piety, and tears,” because the shepherds heard ®° these things, and did not do them, and moreover did not shew”! My commandments, seeing that they [themselves] are examples of wickedness in the nation.” But the time shall come when some of them will deny Me, and will stir up* confusions in the earth,* and put their trust in a corruptible® king. But they who in My Name endure?’ unto the end shall be saved.28 Then they shall ordain commandments for men, [commandments] unlike the book of commandments! in which? the Father is well pleased?; and My elect* and My holy ones shall be rejected® by them, and called among them, as it were, the polluted. Yet these are the upright ones, pure, sad, merciful, quiet, kind, always knowing Him who is among them ® at all times, and they shall be called mad for My sake, who have saved’ them. It shall come to pass also in those days that My Father shall gather together ® out of that generation the pure ones, even the pure and faithful souls, those to whom I will appear, and with whom I will make My habitation, and I will send to them the understanding ® of knowledge and of truth, and the understanding® of holiness, and they shall not cease praising’ and giving thanks to their God,! My Father who sent Me; and they shall speak the truth at all times, and they shall teach [others] whose spirit they have tried * [and have found] that they are up- right 3 and worthy, as for the kingdom," and shall instruct them in knowledge and strength and prudence. And those who suffer persecution because they live in piety shall receive the reward of their praise. And it shall be in those times that all the kingdoms shall be disturbed, and all the world % also [shall see] affliction 1° and want; and all this world shall be reputed as nothing ; and all its possessions shall be destroyed 1§,: and the commandment. by many [destroyers], and there shall be great scarcity of crops, and the winter shall be very severe; and the princes * shall be few in number and small, who have rule over? gold and over silver, and are rich in all those things which are in this world; and the children of this world shall hold their storerooms and barns, and shall have rule over the markets of buying and selling.® Many shall be afflicted,* and on that account shall call upon their God that they may be delivered. Blessed are they who are not [alive] at that time; and [blessed] they [also] who shall be® [alive indeed], but ® [shall] endure. For when these things shall come to pass, then soon she that travaileth is near to bring forth,’ for the® time is fulfilled.

But in the assemblies,® and®° nations, and churches, there shall be many tumults, for there shall arise evil 4C.: a sound of all sorts of storms. 2 St. Luke xxi. 25, shepherds unjust slothful? avaricious, lovers of pleasures,* lovers of gains® lovers of money, talkative, boastful,° haughty, gluttonous,’ perverse, rash, given to delights, vain- glorious’ opposing the ways of? the Gospel and fleeing from the strait gate® removing from themselves every humiliation and not sorrowing for My humiliation,” reject- ing all the words of truth, and despising” all the ways of piety, and not mourning for their sins. Therefore’ there shall be shed abroad among the nations unbelief, hatred of the brotherhood,® wickedness, bitterness, slothfulness,® envy, hatred, strife, theft, oppression, drunkenness, debauchery,”” lasciviousness,!8 licentiousness, fornication, and all such works as are contrary to the commandments of life. For from many mourning and gentleness shall flee away, and peace and meekness, and poverty and piety, and tears,” because the shepherds heard ®° these things, and did not do them, and moreover did not shew”! My commandments, seeing that they [themselves] are examples of wickedness in the nation.” But the time shall come when some of them will deny Me, and will stir up* confusions in the earth,* and put their trust in a corruptible® king. But they who in My Name endure?’ unto the end shall be saved.28 Then they shall ordain commandments for men, [commandments] unlike the book of commandments! in which? the Father is well pleased?; and My elect* and My holy ones shall be rejected® by them, and called among them, as it were, the polluted. Yet these are the upright ones, pure, sad, merciful, quiet, kind, always knowing Him who is among them ® at all times, and they shall be called mad for My sake, who have saved’ them. It shall come to pass also in those days that My Father shall gather together ® out of that generation the pure ones, even the pure and faithful souls, those to whom I will appear, and with whom I will make My habitation, and I will send to them the understanding ® of knowledge and of truth, and the understanding® of holiness, and they shall not cease praising’ and giving thanks to their God,! My Father who sent Me; and they shall speak the truth at all times, and they shall teach [others] whose spirit they have tried * [and have found] that they are up- right 3 and worthy, as for the kingdom," and shall instruct them in knowledge and strength and prudence. And those who suffer persecution because they live in piety shall receive the reward of their praise. And it shall be in those times that all the kingdoms shall be disturbed, and all the world % also [shall see] affliction 1° and want; and all this world shall be reputed as nothing ; and all its possessions shall be destroyed 1§,: and the commandment. by many [destroyers], and there shall be great scarcity of crops, and the winter shall be very severe; and the princes * shall be few in number and small, who have rule over? gold and over silver, and are rich in all those things which are in this world; and the children of this world shall hold their storerooms and barns, and shall have rule over the markets of buying and selling.® Many shall be afflicted,* and on that account shall call upon their God that they may be delivered. Blessed are they who are not [alive] at that time; and [blessed] they [also] who shall be® [alive indeed], but ® [shall] endure. For when these things shall come to pass, then soon she that travaileth is near to bring forth,’ for the® time is fulfilled.

But in the assemblies,® and®° nations, and churches, there shall be many tumults, for there shall arise evil 4C.: a sound of all sorts of storms. 2 St. Luke xxi. 25, shepherds unjust slothful? avaricious, lovers of pleasures,* lovers of gains® lovers of money, talkative, boastful,° haughty, gluttonous,’ perverse, rash, given to delights, vain- glorious’ opposing the ways of? the Gospel and fleeing from the strait gate® removing from themselves every humiliation and not sorrowing for My humiliation,” reject- ing all the words of truth, and despising” all the ways of piety, and not mourning for their sins. Therefore’ there shall be shed abroad among the nations unbelief, hatred of the brotherhood,® wickedness, bitterness, slothfulness,® envy, hatred, strife, theft, oppression, drunkenness, debauchery,”” lasciviousness,!8 licentiousness, fornication, and all such works as are contrary to the commandments of life. For from many mourning and gentleness shall flee away, and peace and meekness, and poverty and piety, and tears,” because the shepherds heard ®° these things, and did not do them, and moreover did not shew”! My commandments, seeing that they [themselves] are examples of wickedness in the nation.” But the time shall come when some of them will deny Me, and will stir up* confusions in the earth,* and put their trust in a corruptible® king. But they who in My Name endure?’ unto the end shall be saved.28 Then they shall ordain commandments for men, [commandments] unlike the book of commandments! in which? the Father is well pleased?; and My elect* and My holy ones shall be rejected® by them, and called among them, as it were, the polluted. Yet these are the upright ones, pure, sad, merciful, quiet, kind, always knowing Him who is among them ® at all times, and they shall be called mad for My sake, who have saved’ them. It shall come to pass also in those days that My Father shall gather together ® out of that generation the pure ones, even the pure and faithful souls, those to whom I will appear, and with whom I will make My habitation, and I will send to them the understanding ® of knowledge and of truth, and the understanding® of holiness, and they shall not cease praising’ and giving thanks to their God,! My Father who sent Me; and they shall speak the truth at all times, and they shall teach [others] whose spirit they have tried * [and have found] that they are up- right 3 and worthy, as for the kingdom," and shall instruct them in knowledge and strength and prudence. And those who suffer persecution because they live in piety shall receive the reward of their praise. And it shall be in those times that all the kingdoms shall be disturbed, and all the world % also [shall see] affliction 1° and want; and all this world shall be reputed as nothing ; and all its possessions shall be destroyed 1§,: and the commandment. by many [destroyers], and there shall be great scarcity of crops, and the winter shall be very severe; and the princes * shall be few in number and small, who have rule over? gold and over silver, and are rich in all those things which are in this world; and the children of this world shall hold their storerooms and barns, and shall have rule over the markets of buying and selling.® Many shall be afflicted,* and on that account shall call upon their God that they may be delivered. Blessed are they who are not [alive] at that time; and [blessed] they [also] who shall be® [alive indeed], but ® [shall] endure. For when these things shall come to pass, then soon she that travaileth is near to bring forth,’ for the® time is fulfilled.

But in the assemblies,® and®° nations, and churches, there shall be many tumults, for there shall arise evil 4C.: a sound of all sorts of storms. 2 St. Luke xxi. 25, shepherds unjust slothful? avaricious, lovers of pleasures,* lovers of gains® lovers of money, talkative, boastful,° haughty, gluttonous,’ perverse, rash, given to delights, vain- glorious’ opposing the ways of? the Gospel and fleeing from the strait gate® removing from themselves every humiliation and not sorrowing for My humiliation,” reject- ing all the words of truth, and despising” all the ways of piety, and not mourning for their sins. Therefore’ there shall be shed abroad among the nations unbelief, hatred of the brotherhood,® wickedness, bitterness, slothfulness,® envy, hatred, strife, theft, oppression, drunkenness, debauchery,”” lasciviousness,!8 licentiousness, fornication, and all such works as are contrary to the commandments of life. For from many mourning and gentleness shall flee away, and peace and meekness, and poverty and piety, and tears,” because the shepherds heard ®° these things, and did not do them, and moreover did not shew”! My commandments, seeing that they [themselves] are examples of wickedness in the nation.” But the time shall come when some of them will deny Me, and will stir up* confusions in the earth,* and put their trust in a corruptible® king. But they who in My Name endure?’ unto the end shall be saved.28 Then they shall ordain commandments for men, [commandments] unlike the book of commandments! in which? the Father is well pleased?; and My elect* and My holy ones shall be rejected® by them, and called among them, as it were, the polluted. Yet these are the upright ones, pure, sad, merciful, quiet, kind, always knowing Him who is among them ® at all times, and they shall be called mad for My sake, who have saved’ them. It shall come to pass also in those days that My Father shall gather together ® out of that generation the pure ones, even the pure and faithful souls, those to whom I will appear, and with whom I will make My habitation, and I will send to them the understanding ® of knowledge and of truth, and the understanding® of holiness, and they shall not cease praising’ and giving thanks to their God,! My Father who sent Me; and they shall speak the truth at all times, and they shall teach [others] whose spirit they have tried * [and have found] that they are up- right 3 and worthy, as for the kingdom," and shall instruct them in knowledge and strength and prudence. And those who suffer persecution because they live in piety shall receive the reward of their praise. And it shall be in those times that all the kingdoms shall be disturbed, and all the world % also [shall see] affliction 1° and want; and all this world shall be reputed as nothing ; and all its possessions shall be destroyed 1§,: and the commandment. by many [destroyers], and there shall be great scarcity of crops, and the winter shall be very severe; and the princes * shall be few in number and small, who have rule over? gold and over silver, and are rich in all those things which are in this world; and the children of this world shall hold their storerooms and barns, and shall have rule over the markets of buying and selling.® Many shall be afflicted,* and on that account shall call upon their God that they may be delivered. Blessed are they who are not [alive] at that time; and [blessed] they [also] who shall be® [alive indeed], but ® [shall] endure. For when these things shall come to pass, then soon she that travaileth is near to bring forth,’ for the® time is fulfilled.

But in the assemblies,® and®° nations, and churches, there shall be many tumults, for there shall arise evil 4C.: a sound of all sorts of storms. 2 St. Luke xxi. 25, shepherds unjust slothful? avaricious, lovers of pleasures,* lovers of gains® lovers of money, talkative, boastful,° haughty, gluttonous,’ perverse, rash, given to delights, vain- glorious’ opposing the ways of? the Gospel and fleeing from the strait gate® removing from themselves every humiliation and not sorrowing for My humiliation,” reject- ing all the words of truth, and despising” all the ways of piety, and not mourning for their sins. Therefore’ there shall be shed abroad among the nations unbelief, hatred of the brotherhood,® wickedness, bitterness, slothfulness,® envy, hatred, strife, theft, oppression, drunkenness, debauchery,”” lasciviousness,!8 licentiousness, fornication, and all such works as are contrary to the commandments of life. For from many mourning and gentleness shall flee away, and peace and meekness, and poverty and piety, and tears,” because the shepherds heard ®° these things, and did not do them, and moreover did not shew”! My commandments, seeing that they [themselves] are examples of wickedness in the nation.” But the time shall come when some of them will deny Me, and will stir up* confusions in the earth,* and put their trust in a corruptible® king. But they who in My Name endure?’ unto the end shall be saved.28 Then they shall ordain commandments for men, [commandments] unlike the book of commandments! in which? the Father is well pleased?; and My elect* and My holy ones shall be rejected® by them, and called among them, as it were, the polluted. Yet these are the upright ones, pure, sad, merciful, quiet, kind, always knowing Him who is among them ® at all times, and they shall be called mad for My sake, who have saved’ them. It shall come to pass also in those days that My Father shall gather together ® out of that generation the pure ones, even the pure and faithful souls, those to whom I will appear, and with whom I will make My habitation, and I will send to them the understanding ® of knowledge and of truth, and the understanding® of holiness, and they shall not cease praising’ and giving thanks to their God,! My Father who sent Me; and they shall speak the truth at all times, and they shall teach [others] whose spirit they have tried * [and have found] that they are up- right 3 and worthy, as for the kingdom," and shall instruct them in knowledge and strength and prudence. And those who suffer persecution because they live in piety shall receive the reward of their praise. And it shall be in those times that all the kingdoms shall be disturbed, and all the world % also [shall see] affliction 1° and want; and all this world shall be reputed as nothing ; and all its possessions shall be destroyed 1§,: and the commandment. by many [destroyers], and there shall be great scarcity of crops, and the winter shall be very severe; and the princes * shall be few in number and small, who have rule over? gold and over silver, and are rich in all those things which are in this world; and the children of this world shall hold their storerooms and barns, and shall have rule over the markets of buying and selling.® Many shall be afflicted,* and on that account shall call upon their God that they may be delivered. Blessed are they who are not [alive] at that time; and [blessed] they [also] who shall be® [alive indeed], but ® [shall] endure. For when these things shall come to pass, then soon she that travaileth is near to bring forth,’ for the® time is fulfilled.

But in the assemblies,® and®° nations, and churches, there shall be many tumults, for there shall arise evil 4C.: a sound of all sorts of storms. 2 St. Luke xxi. 25, shepherds unjust slothful? avaricious, lovers of pleasures,* lovers of gains® lovers of money, talkative, boastful,° haughty, gluttonous,’ perverse, rash, given to delights, vain- glorious’ opposing the ways of? the Gospel and fleeing from the strait gate® removing from themselves every humiliation and not sorrowing for My humiliation,” reject- ing all the words of truth, and despising” all the ways of piety, and not mourning for their sins. Therefore’ there shall be shed abroad among the nations unbelief, hatred of the brotherhood,® wickedness, bitterness, slothfulness,® envy, hatred, strife, theft, oppression, drunkenness, debauchery,”” lasciviousness,!8 licentiousness, fornication, and all such works as are contrary to the commandments of life. For from many mourning and gentleness shall flee away, and peace and meekness, and poverty and piety, and tears,” because the shepherds heard ®° these things, and did not do them, and moreover did not shew”! My commandments, seeing that they [themselves] are examples of wickedness in the nation.” But the time shall come when some of them will deny Me, and will stir up* confusions in the earth,* and put their trust in a corruptible® king. But they who in My Name endure?’ unto the end shall be saved.28 Then they shall ordain commandments for men, [commandments] unlike the book of commandments! in which? the Father is well pleased?; and My elect* and My holy ones shall be rejected® by them, and called among them, as it were, the polluted. Yet these are the upright ones, pure, sad, merciful, quiet, kind, always knowing Him who is among them ® at all times, and they shall be called mad for My sake, who have saved’ them. It shall come to pass also in those days that My Father shall gather together ® out of that generation the pure ones, even the pure and faithful souls, those to whom I will appear, and with whom I will make My habitation, and I will send to them the understanding ® of knowledge and of truth, and the understanding® of holiness, and they shall not cease praising’ and giving thanks to their God,! My Father who sent Me; and they shall speak the truth at all times, and they shall teach [others] whose spirit they have tried * [and have found] that they are up- right 3 and worthy, as for the kingdom," and shall instruct them in knowledge and strength and prudence. And those who suffer persecution because they live in piety shall receive the reward of their praise. And it shall be in those times that all the kingdoms shall be disturbed, and all the world % also [shall see] affliction 1° and want; and all this world shall be reputed as nothing ; and all its possessions shall be destroyed 1§,: and the commandment. by many [destroyers], and there shall be great scarcity of crops, and the winter shall be very severe; and the princes * shall be few in number and small, who have rule over? gold and over silver, and are rich in all those things which are in this world; and the children of this world shall hold their storerooms and barns, and shall have rule over the markets of buying and selling.® Many shall be afflicted,* and on that account shall call upon their God that they may be delivered. Blessed are they who are not [alive] at that time; and [blessed] they [also] who shall be® [alive indeed], but ® [shall] endure. For when these things shall come to pass, then soon she that travaileth is near to bring forth,’ for the® time is fulfilled.

But in the assemblies,® and®° nations, and churches, there shall be many tumults, for there shall arise evil 4C.: a sound of all sorts of storms. 2 St. Luke xxi. 25, shepherds unjust slothful? avaricious, lovers of pleasures,* lovers of gains® lovers of money, talkative, boastful,° haughty, gluttonous,’ perverse, rash, given to delights, vain- glorious’ opposing the ways of? the Gospel and fleeing from the strait gate® removing from themselves every humiliation and not sorrowing for My humiliation,” reject- ing all the words of truth, and despising” all the ways of piety, and not mourning for their sins. Therefore’ there shall be shed abroad among the nations unbelief, hatred of the brotherhood,® wickedness, bitterness, slothfulness,® envy, hatred, strife, theft, oppression, drunkenness, debauchery,”” lasciviousness,!8 licentiousness, fornication, and all such works as are contrary to the commandments of life. For from many mourning and gentleness shall flee away, and peace and meekness, and poverty and piety, and tears,” because the shepherds heard ®° these things, and did not do them, and moreover did not shew”! My commandments, seeing that they [themselves] are examples of wickedness in the nation.” But the time shall come when some of them will deny Me, and will stir up* confusions in the earth,* and put their trust in a corruptible® king. But they who in My Name endure?’ unto the end shall be saved.28 Then they shall ordain commandments for men, [commandments] unlike the book of commandments! in which? the Father is well pleased?; and My elect* and My holy ones shall be rejected® by them, and called among them, as it were, the polluted. Yet these are the upright ones, pure, sad, merciful, quiet, kind, always knowing Him who is among them ® at all times, and they shall be called mad for My sake, who have saved’ them. It shall come to pass also in those days that My Father shall gather together ® out of that generation the pure ones, even the pure and faithful souls, those to whom I will appear, and with whom I will make My habitation, and I will send to them the understanding ® of knowledge and of truth, and the understanding® of holiness, and they shall not cease praising’ and giving thanks to their God,! My Father who sent Me; and they shall speak the truth at all times, and they shall teach [others] whose spirit they have tried * [and have found] that they are up- right 3 and worthy, as for the kingdom," and shall instruct them in knowledge and strength and prudence. And those who suffer persecution because they live in piety shall receive the reward of their praise. And it shall be in those times that all the kingdoms shall be disturbed, and all the world % also [shall see] affliction 1° and want; and all this world shall be reputed as nothing ; and all its possessions shall be destroyed 1§,: and the commandment. by many [destroyers], and there shall be great scarcity of crops, and the winter shall be very severe; and the princes * shall be few in number and small, who have rule over? gold and over silver, and are rich in all those things which are in this world; and the children of this world shall hold their storerooms and barns, and shall have rule over the markets of buying and selling.® Many shall be afflicted,* and on that account shall call upon their God that they may be delivered. Blessed are they who are not [alive] at that time; and [blessed] they [also] who shall be® [alive indeed], but ® [shall] endure. For when these things shall come to pass, then soon she that travaileth is near to bring forth,’ for the® time is fulfilled.

But in the assemblies,® and®° nations, and churches, there shall be many tumults, for there shall arise evil 4C.: a sound of all sorts of storms. 2 St. Luke xxi. 25, shepherds unjust slothful? avaricious, lovers of pleasures,* lovers of gains® lovers of money, talkative, boastful,° haughty, gluttonous,’ perverse, rash, given to delights, vain- glorious’ opposing the ways of? the Gospel and fleeing from the strait gate® removing from themselves every humiliation and not sorrowing for My humiliation,” reject- ing all the words of truth, and despising” all the ways of piety, and not mourning for their sins. Therefore’ there shall be shed abroad among the nations unbelief, hatred of the brotherhood,® wickedness, bitterness, slothfulness,® envy, hatred, strife, theft, oppression, drunkenness, debauchery,”” lasciviousness,!8 licentiousness, fornication, and all such works as are contrary to the commandments of life. For from many mourning and gentleness shall flee away, and peace and meekness, and poverty and piety, and tears,” because the shepherds heard ®° these things, and did not do them, and moreover did not shew”! My commandments, seeing that they [themselves] are examples of wickedness in the nation.” But the time shall come when some of them will deny Me, and will stir up* confusions in the earth,* and put their trust in a corruptible® king. But they who in My Name endure?’ unto the end shall be saved.28 Then they shall ordain commandments for men, [commandments] unlike the book of commandments! in which? the Father is well pleased?; and My elect* and My holy ones shall be rejected® by them, and called among them, as it were, the polluted. Yet these are the upright ones, pure, sad, merciful, quiet, kind, always knowing Him who is among them ® at all times, and they shall be called mad for My sake, who have saved’ them. It shall come to pass also in those days that My Father shall gather together ® out of that generation the pure ones, even the pure and faithful souls, those to whom I will appear, and with whom I will make My habitation, and I will send to them the understanding ® of knowledge and of truth, and the understanding® of holiness, and they shall not cease praising’ and giving thanks to their God,! My Father who sent Me; and they shall speak the truth at all times, and they shall teach [others] whose spirit they have tried * [and have found] that they are up- right 3 and worthy, as for the kingdom," and shall instruct them in knowledge and strength and prudence. And those who suffer persecution because they live in piety shall receive the reward of their praise. And it shall be in those times that all the kingdoms shall be disturbed, and all the world % also [shall see] affliction 1° and want; and all this world shall be reputed as nothing ; and all its possessions shall be destroyed 1§,: and the commandment. by many [destroyers], and there shall be great scarcity of crops, and the winter shall be very severe; and the princes * shall be few in number and small, who have rule over? gold and over silver, and are rich in all those things which are in this world; and the children of this world shall hold their storerooms and barns, and shall have rule over the markets of buying and selling.® Many shall be afflicted,* and on that account shall call upon their God that they may be delivered. Blessed are they who are not [alive] at that time; and [blessed] they [also] who shall be® [alive indeed], but ® [shall] endure. For when these things shall come to pass, then soon she that travaileth is near to bring forth,’ for the® time is fulfilled.

Then shall come the Son of Perdition, the Adversary, who boasteth and exalteth himself° working many signs and miracles, that he may deceive the whole earth,” and over- come the innocent,® My holy ones. Blessed are they who endure in those days. But woe to those who are deceived.

But Syria shall be plundered, and shall weep for her sons. Cilicia shall lift wp her neck until He who judgeth her shall appear. The daughter of Babylon shall arise from the throne of her glory, that she may drink that ' wine ” which is mixed for her. Cappadocia, Lycia,!* Lycaonia shall bow down the back, for many multitudes shall be depraved by the corruption of their wickednesses.! And then shall be opened the camps of the barbarians, for many chariots shall go forth so as to cover [the face of] the earth. In all Armenia, and in Pontus, and in Bithynia ? the young men shall fall by the sword, and the sons and the daughters shall be captives. [The sons and the daughters] of Lycaonia shall be mingled in [their] blood. Pisidia which boasteth, and trusteth in [her] riches, shall be over- thrown [even] to the ground. The sword shall pass through Phoenicia, because [her inhabitants] are children of corruption. Judaea shall clothe herself with lamentation, and shall be made ready for the day of destruction, because of her uncleanness. Then shall she gather together the abomination of desolation.* The East shall be opened® by him®; also the ways shall be opened’ by him. Sword and flame [are] in his hands: he burneth with anger and fiery indignation. This is the armour of the judgment of the corruption of them that are born in the earth; the extermination of the faithful, the way® of bloodshed ®; for his way is in error and his power is to blas- pheme,” and his hand for deception, his right hand in misery, and his left hand in darkness.

But Syria shall be plundered, and shall weep for her sons. Cilicia shall lift wp her neck until He who judgeth her shall appear. The daughter of Babylon shall arise from the throne of her glory, that she may drink that ' wine ” which is mixed for her. Cappadocia, Lycia,!* Lycaonia shall bow down the back, for many multitudes shall be depraved by the corruption of their wickednesses.! And then shall be opened the camps of the barbarians, for many chariots shall go forth so as to cover [the face of] the earth. In all Armenia, and in Pontus, and in Bithynia ? the young men shall fall by the sword, and the sons and the daughters shall be captives. [The sons and the daughters] of Lycaonia shall be mingled in [their] blood. Pisidia which boasteth, and trusteth in [her] riches, shall be over- thrown [even] to the ground. The sword shall pass through Phoenicia, because [her inhabitants] are children of corruption. Judaea shall clothe herself with lamentation, and shall be made ready for the day of destruction, because of her uncleanness. Then shall she gather together the abomination of desolation.* The East shall be opened® by him®; also the ways shall be opened’ by him. Sword and flame [are] in his hands: he burneth with anger and fiery indignation. This is the armour of the judgment of the corruption of them that are born in the earth; the extermination of the faithful, the way® of bloodshed ®; for his way is in error and his power is to blas- pheme,” and his hand for deception, his right hand in misery, and his left hand in darkness.

But Syria shall be plundered, and shall weep for her sons. Cilicia shall lift wp her neck until He who judgeth her shall appear. The daughter of Babylon shall arise from the throne of her glory, that she may drink that ' wine ” which is mixed for her. Cappadocia, Lycia,!* Lycaonia shall bow down the back, for many multitudes shall be depraved by the corruption of their wickednesses.! And then shall be opened the camps of the barbarians, for many chariots shall go forth so as to cover [the face of] the earth. In all Armenia, and in Pontus, and in Bithynia ? the young men shall fall by the sword, and the sons and the daughters shall be captives. [The sons and the daughters] of Lycaonia shall be mingled in [their] blood. Pisidia which boasteth, and trusteth in [her] riches, shall be over- thrown [even] to the ground. The sword shall pass through Phoenicia, because [her inhabitants] are children of corruption. Judaea shall clothe herself with lamentation, and shall be made ready for the day of destruction, because of her uncleanness. Then shall she gather together the abomination of desolation.* The East shall be opened® by him®; also the ways shall be opened’ by him. Sword and flame [are] in his hands: he burneth with anger and fiery indignation. This is the armour of the judgment of the corruption of them that are born in the earth; the extermination of the faithful, the way® of bloodshed ®; for his way is in error and his power is to blas- pheme,” and his hand for deception, his right hand in misery, and his left hand in darkness.

And these are the signs of him”: his head [is] as a fiery flame: his right eye shot with blood, his left [eye] blue- black, and he “ hath two pupils. His eyelashes * are white ; 1§8.: wickedness. 2 §.: to cover the land of all Armenia and of Pontus and of Bithynia. 3§.: islands; M. B. as text. 4St. Matt. xxiv. 15. 5 Perhaps, taken by assault. 8 Te. by Antichrist. §.: her (a manifest error). 7 See note 5, above. 8 M.: ways. * Lit.: effusion. 0 Lit.: for blasphemy. 11§,:; Of the signs of the appearance and likeness of the Devil, what they are like. C. begins: Concerning the Son of Perdition he saith. 2 T.e. of Antichrist. So explicitly the Tréves Latin fragm. 13 Lit.: a flame of fire. So S. and Tréves fragm.: M. B.; a flame that burneth. Tréves fragm. adds: his eyes are those of a cat (fellini, for felini). 14 Sic ; see Note. C. has: the left one hath two pupils (Tréves fragm. similar). 15 C,: eyebrows. So Tréves fragm. and? his lower lip is large; but his right thigh slender ;? his feet broad ; his great toe is bruised‘ and flat. This is the sickle of desolation.5

Therefore I say unto you, [ye] children of the light, that the time is at hand, and the harvest is ripe® that sinners should be harvested in judgment. And to many the Judge shall arise as one who is kind,’ and shall impute to them their own works.’ But when He® shall be at hand, a sign shall be given to? the elect, who keep the law of My Father.

Therefore I say unto you, [ye] children of the light, that the time is at hand, and the harvest is ripe® that sinners should be harvested in judgment. And to many the Judge shall arise as one who is kind,’ and shall impute to them their own works.’ But when He® shall be at hand, a sign shall be given to? the elect, who keep the law of My Father.

Then ® those who fear My words, and do them in truth and with a faithful mind,” shall watch and pray ® without ceasing,!§ reckoning continual supplication as a work, in nothing wandering or going about!” in this world, and in nothing anxious, but 18 with an austere 1 soul and a mind that doubteth not,” daily taking on them the cross,”4 to do the will of My 18. omits: and. 2 Treves fragm.: his right thigh lean, the shin bones slender. So in the Apocryphal Apocalypse of John, Antichrist has the legs of a cock (James, Apoc. Anecd. 156, 187). 3 Or: finger. 4 Treves fragm.. broken. Father which is in heaven, with a meek heart. For He who is anxious about them that trust in the truth, and careth for them, is the Lord; and He sendeth to them those things which are right and fitting *—those things which He knoweth, and by the hands of them whom He knoweth.

Then ® those who fear My words, and do them in truth and with a faithful mind,” shall watch and pray ® without ceasing,!§ reckoning continual supplication as a work, in nothing wandering or going about!” in this world, and in nothing anxious, but 18 with an austere 1 soul and a mind that doubteth not,” daily taking on them the cross,”4 to do the will of My 18. omits: and. 2 Treves fragm.: his right thigh lean, the shin bones slender. So in the Apocryphal Apocalypse of John, Antichrist has the legs of a cock (James, Apoc. Anecd. 156, 187). 3 Or: finger. 4 Treves fragm.. broken. Father which is in heaven, with a meek heart. For He who is anxious about them that trust in the truth, and careth for them, is the Lord; and He sendeth to them those things which are right and fitting *—those things which He knoweth, and by the hands of them whom He knoweth.

I have told you these things, therefore, that wherever ye go, ye may test the souls that are holy,? and tell them those things which are fitting and right, and those things which are about to be,* and all those things which, before I was > glorified,® I gave you in commandment,’ so that believing [them] they may truly live® From henceforth shall be® the beginning of travail,’® and the mystery of destruction." Turning therefore to the Church,” setting right, duly ordering, and arranging, and doing all things in uprightness and holiness, speak to every man as is helpful to him, so that your Father which is in heaven may be glorified1® Be ye wise, that ye may persuade those who are in captivity to error,® and those who are sunk in ignorance, that coming to the knowledge of! God, and living piously and purely, they may praise My Father and your God.}8

I have told you these things, therefore, that wherever ye go, ye may test the souls that are holy,? and tell them those things which are fitting and right, and those things which are about to be,* and all those things which, before I was > glorified,® I gave you in commandment,’ so that believing [them] they may truly live® From henceforth shall be® the beginning of travail,’® and the mystery of destruction." Turning therefore to the Church,” setting right, duly ordering, and arranging, and doing all things in uprightness and holiness, speak to every man as is helpful to him, so that your Father which is in heaven may be glorified1® Be ye wise, that ye may persuade those who are in captivity to error,® and those who are sunk in ignorance, that coming to the knowledge of! God, and living piously and purely, they may praise My Father and your God.}8

I have told you these things, therefore, that wherever ye go, ye may test the souls that are holy,? and tell them those things which are fitting and right, and those things which are about to be,* and all those things which, before I was > glorified,® I gave you in commandment,’ so that believing [them] they may truly live® From henceforth shall be® the beginning of travail,’® and the mystery of destruction." Turning therefore to the Church,” setting right, duly ordering, and arranging, and doing all things in uprightness and holiness, speak to every man as is helpful to him, so that your Father which is in heaven may be glorified1® Be ye wise, that ye may persuade those who are in captivity to error,® and those who are sunk in ignorance, that coming to the knowledge of! God, and living piously and purely, they may praise My Father and your God.}8

I have told you these things, therefore, that wherever ye go, ye may test the souls that are holy,? and tell them those things which are fitting and right, and those things which are about to be,* and all those things which, before I was > glorified,® I gave you in commandment,’ so that believing [them] they may truly live® From henceforth shall be® the beginning of travail,’® and the mystery of destruction." Turning therefore to the Church,” setting right, duly ordering, and arranging, and doing all things in uprightness and holiness, speak to every man as is helpful to him, so that your Father which is in heaven may be glorified1® Be ye wise, that ye may persuade those who are in captivity to error,® and those who are sunk in ignorance, that coming to the knowledge of! God, and living piously and purely, they may praise My Father and your God.}8

I have told you these things, therefore, that wherever ye go, ye may test the souls that are holy,? and tell them those things which are fitting and right, and those things which are about to be,* and all those things which, before I was > glorified,® I gave you in commandment,’ so that believing [them] they may truly live® From henceforth shall be® the beginning of travail,’® and the mystery of destruction." Turning therefore to the Church,” setting right, duly ordering, and arranging, and doing all things in uprightness and holiness, speak to every man as is helpful to him, so that your Father which is in heaven may be glorified1® Be ye wise, that ye may persuade those who are in captivity to error,® and those who are sunk in ignorance, that coming to the knowledge of! God, and living piously and purely, they may praise My Father and your God.}8

I have told you these things, therefore, that wherever ye go, ye may test the souls that are holy,? and tell them those things which are fitting and right, and those things which are about to be,* and all those things which, before I was > glorified,® I gave you in commandment,’ so that believing [them] they may truly live® From henceforth shall be® the beginning of travail,’® and the mystery of destruction." Turning therefore to the Church,” setting right, duly ordering, and arranging, and doing all things in uprightness and holiness, speak to every man as is helpful to him, so that your Father which is in heaven may be glorified1® Be ye wise, that ye may persuade those who are in captivity to error,® and those who are sunk in ignorance, that coming to the knowledge of! God, and living piously and purely, they may praise My Father and your God.}8